Well now, I never thought I would end up trying to substantiate my opinions in a scientific fashion on a penis enlargement website, but what the hell, this is interesting. As far as the evolution thing, I stated very clearly that I understand and agree that environemtally derived characterisitcs do not affect genetics, i.e. a bodybuilder does not prodcue buff kids, Michael Jackson should have babies with wide noses, and even the most hardcore Penis Enlargement'er would not pass his larger penis down the line. What I was implying is that evolutionary science is all about something known as reproductive fitness, which is esentially the catalyst for evolutionary direction. If you have characteristics that make you more fit to produce, which are esentially anything that makes you more desirable to the opposite sex or somehow better able to pass your genes around, then you have desireable genes, so to speak. Now, if the Samoans valued a big dick in society, and the men could advance their status and position by having a big one, then the men with bigger penises may have been having more sex, with more women, and having more kids, alloting themselves a greater share over the genetic index of their area with their more fit, better hung genes. I don't know that this was how it operated at all, I was simply saying that as far as evolution is concerned, it is very possible for culture to emhpasize penis size and that it most certainly probably does. Primate penis size in our closest realatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, is drastically smaller in proportion to body. The explanation for this is not fully flushed out but it would seem that with many other things, genetic drift has produced an emphasis on proportional penis size in homo sapiens. As far as the stuff about IQ and race, man I don't even know what to say. I guess I do, but it will take a while, don't bother reading anymore if you aren;t intersted in this facet of the debate because it's pretty much topical from here on in. Common knowledge? Not common to me I suppose, if you were willing to show me some legitimate scientific studies by university researchers that clearly stated all this I would feel a little better about it. While there may be some studies showing in limited selection groups that one race or ethnicity has scored better on IQ tests, let's not forget about things like socioeconomic factors and cultural norms as well. For instance, affirmative action is not based on certain races having lower IQ's. Some would say it is not designed to function strictly as a racial measure at all, and that is counterintuitive to the arguments I was hearing because affirmative action can apply to Asians as well, and I believe they were listed by some of you as the smartest group. Affirmative action is intended to level the playing field for minority candidates that come from backgrounds less conducive to college level study, and is rooted in a much deeper socio-economic concepts than strictly superficial race. It is definately engineered with diversity in mind, but that is primarily a result of the plain fact that minoirites suffer much higher poverty rates and many other factors not advantageous in the college process. If anything it is built on the belief that there is certainly no differance in racial or ethnic intelligence other than the intellectual and social opportunites we are given. Now, I have seen one study that is quite old, that demonstrates that black people score lower on IQ tests and that a few African nations have the lowest average scores on IQ tests. I saw this in my ninth grade history course and the teacher brought it in to explain how people use manipulative statsitics to place a simple explanation on complicated arguments. You see he had printed the study off of a white supremecist web site where it had been used in an article trumpeting the stats as final vindication that white people were the superior race. Total bunk. While I appreciate the distinction between IQ and intelligence, IQ is facotrable nonetheless as inate intellectual capability and is slightly more than any set of mental parlor tricks. So far as the study, I can easily say that in America black society, compared to white, is at a horrendous disadvantage. The proportion of young black males with criminal records or in jail, college educations, single mothers and whatever else you might guess is generally higher. Let's not forget that there was a seperate black educational system in this country until quite recent history, and no black education before that, unless the wanted to suffer some serious consequences. While education and IQ are different, there is such a thing as a trained mind, and all IQ researchers admit cultural bias for affluent society in IQ testing. Generally speaking wealthier mor affluent nations do better on national IQ averages, plain and simple, and it's not because Swedes are smarter than Pakistanis genetically. As for African nations scoring lower, well dudes, just take a look at Africa for a moment. Places like Liberia and The Ivory Coast are practically hell on earth right now, the comparison is not legit and there are far too many variables to just throw it all down to race. And in regard to asians being the msot intelligent, which asians do you mean? Certainly you would not say that a person from tibet is the same as a vietnamese? Or perhaps a Philipino is the same as a Japanese person or a northern Chinese, southern Chinese? There are a billion people in china, almost another billion in india, thats a lot of genes my friends, and hardly two genomes out there are the same (indentical twins excluded). To say one race, specifically suggesting there is some kind of "asian" race, is, i'm sorry, but inherently racist in itself. Asia is more of a geographic declaration than anything. If we follow that there is actually a valid sepeation of race here, shouldn't there be some kind of middle tier for say a mixed race, like my creole heritage friend from Orleans? Is she some kind of hodge podge of good IQ from her French grandmother and shitty IQ's from her black and indian grandfather? The more you break it down the less probable a racial distinction is. It seems more like comomon bias, especially the comment "it is generally known" or something to that effect. Generally known by who guys? Would you feel comfortable trying to enforce that opinion to a PhD of sociology, or biology, or psychology or neurscience for that matter? because from any three of those standpoints it doesn't really hold up. I would encourage you to step back and examine your feelings on this and see if they have more to do with intuitiion and assumption rather than empircal knowledge and true scholarship. We can't go around with that kind of mindset in the 21st century, it can only hold us back. DLD, if you're out there I would be curious to here what you have to say, I've been reading up on your stuff on here and you have some serious analytical capabilites and a frim grasp of argument. Shit man, you're sharper than a lot of my teachers when it comes to expressing your views, I'd love to hear your thoughts . . . although I think this thread might have most people by now . . .