Vitamin D3

sizerp;431027 said:

I believe, Vitamin-D is hugely important to include in your daily nutritional supplementation. There's evidence that Vitamin-D is closely linked to our immune system functionality. Controversy over the level of Vitamin-D considered to be "healthy" in individuals has stagnated in some circles for quite sometime. However, that's not surprising as it's very rare to find published scientific studies done on vitamins used in therapeutic dosages. I for one, will never trust the RDA (recommended dietary allowance) formulated by the FNB (Food and Nutrition Board), as their primary focus isn't to boost health and well being (longevity and wellness), but merely disease prevention.

Currently I supplement with between 4,000-5,000 I.U. of Liquid Vitamin-D daily, in the mornings.

Here are some studies and articles on Vitamin-D:

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Vitam Horm. 2011;86:1-21.

Vitamin D regulation of immune function.

Bikle DD.

Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.

Abstract

Although the best known actions of vitamin D involve its regulation of bone mineral homeostasis, vitamin D exerts its influence on many physiologic processes. One of these processes is the immune system. Both the adaptive and innate immune systems are impacted by the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D. These observations have important implications for understanding the predisposition of individuals with vitamin D deficiency to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis as well as to autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. However, depending on the disease process not all actions of vitamin D may be beneficial. In this review, I examine the regulation by 1,25(OH)(2)D of immune function, then assess the evidence implicating vitamin D deficiency in human disease resulting from immune dysfunction.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 21419265 [PubMed - in process]

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Vitam Horm. 2011;86:23-62.

Vitamin D and innate and adaptive immunity.

Hewison M.

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Abstract

In the last 5 years there has been renewed interest in the health benefits of vitamin D. A central feature of this revival has been new information concerning the nonclassical effects of vitamin D. In particular, studies of the interaction between vitamin D and the immune system have highlighted the importance of localized conversion of precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) to active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) as a mechanism for maintaining antibacterial activity in humans. The clinical relevance of this has been endorsed by increasing evidence of suboptimal 25OHD status in populations across the globe. Collectively these observations support the hypothesis that vitamin D insufficiency may lead to dysregulation of human immune responses and may therefore be an underlying cause of infectious disease and immune disorders. The current review describes the key mechanisms associated with vitamin D metabolism and signaling for both innate immune (antimicrobial activity and antigen presentation) and adaptive immune (T and B lymphocyte function) responses. These include coordinated actions of the vitamin D-activating enzyme, 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mediating intracrine and paracrine actions of vitamin D. Finally, the review will consider the role of immunomodulatory vitamin D in human health, with specific emphasis on infectious and autoimmune disease.

Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 21419266 [PubMed - in process]

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Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Aug;69(3):286-9. Epub 2010 Jun 2.

Mechanisms underlying the effect of vitamin D on the immune system.

Cantorna MT.

Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Bldg, University Park, PA 16802, USA. mxc69@psu.edu

Abstract

Vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) have been shown to be important regulators of the immune system. In particular, vitamin D and VDR deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD develops due to an immune-mediated attack by pathogenic T-cells that overproduce IL-17 and IFN-gamma and a few regulatory cells. VDR knockout mice have twice as many T-cells making IL-17 and IFN-gamma than wild-type mice. In addition, vitamin D and the VDR are required for normal numbers of regulatory T-cells (iNKT and CD8alphaalpha) that have been shown to suppress experimental IBD. In the absence of vitamin D and the VDR, autoimmunity occurs in the gastrointestinal tract due to increased numbers of IL-17 and IFN-gamma secreting T-cells and a concomitant reduction in regulatory T-cells.

PMID: 20515520 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Estimated vitamin D production from natural sun exposure. - GreenMedInfo Summary

Estimated equivalency of vitamin D production from natural sun exposure versus oral vitamin D supplementation across seasons at two US latitudes.

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010 Jun ;62(6):929.e1-9. Epub 2010 Apr 3. PMID: 20363523

Allan C Halpern, Anna Bender, Estee L Psaty, Ola Engelsen, Steven Q Wang, Vitaly Terushkin

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10022, USA.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The relationship between oral vitamin D supplementation and cutaneous photosynthesis is not well understood.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide estimates of the equivalency of vitamin D production from natural sun exposure versus oral supplementation.

METHODS: Using the FastRT simulation tool, we determined sun exposure times needed to achieve serum vitamin D(3) concentrations equivalent to 400 or 1000 IU vitamin D for individuals of various Fitzpatrick skin types living in Miami, FL, and Boston, MA, during the months of January, April, July, and October.

RESULTS: Peak ultraviolet B irradiation for vitamin D synthesis occurs around 12 pm Eastern Standard Time (EST). In Boston, MA, from April to October at 12 pm EST an individual with type III skin, with 25.5% of the body surface area exposed, would need to spend 3 to 8 minutes in the sun to synthesize 400 IU of vitamin D. It is difficult to synthesize vitamin D during the winter in Boston, MA. For all study months in Miami, FL, an individual with type III skin would need to spend 3 to 6 minutes at 12 pm EST to synthesize 400 IU. Vitamin D synthesis occurs faster in individuals with lighter Fitzpatrick skin types. The duration to attain 1000 IU of vitamin D is longer in all scenarios.

LIMITATIONS: Results of the computer model are only approximations. In addition, calculations were made based on the assumption that (1/4) of 1 minimal erythema dose directed at (1/4) body surface area is equal to 1000 IU of oral vitamin D. CONCLUSIONS: Although it may be tempting to recommend intentional sun exposure based on our findings, it is difficult, if not impossible to titrate one's exposure. There are well-known detrimental side effects of ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, oral supplementation remains the safest way for increasing vitamin D status.

Study Type : Human Study

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Serum vitamin D levels have an independent, inverse association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. - GreenMedInfo Summary

Prospective study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality in older U.S. adults.

J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Sep ;57(9):1595-603. Epub 2009 Jun 22. PMID: 19549021

Adit A Ginde, Carlos A Camargo, Robert S Schwartz, Robert Scragg

Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, B-215, Aurora, CO 80045. adit.ginde@ucdenver.edu

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and mortality in a representative U.S. sample of older adults.

DESIGN: Prospective cohort from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and linked mortality files.

SETTING: Noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population.

PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand four hundred eight NHANES III participants aged 65 and older enrolled from 1988 to 1994 and followed for mortality through 2000.

MEASUREMENTS: Primary exposure was serum 25(OH)D level at enrollment. Primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, respectively.

RESULTS: During the median 7.3 years of follow-up, there were 1,493 (44%) deaths, including 767 CVD-related deaths. Median 25(OH)D level was 66 nmol/L. Adjusting for demographics, season, and cardiovascular risk factors, baseline 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92-0.98, per 10 nmol/L 25[OH]D). Compared with subjects with 25(OH)D levels of 100 nmol/L or higher, the adjusted HR for subjects with levels less than 25.0 nmol/L was 1.83 (95% CI=1.14-2.94) and for levels of 25.0 to 49.9 nmol/L was 1.47 (95% CI=1.09-1.97). The association appeared stronger for CVD mortality (adjusted HR=2.36, 95% CI=1.17-4.75, for subjects with 25[OH]D levels<25.0 nmol/L vs those>or =100.0 nmol/L) than for non-CVD mortality (adjusted HR=1.42, 95% CI=0.73-2.79, for subjects with 25[OH]D levels<25.0 nmol/L vs those>or =100.0 nmol/L).

CONCLUSION: In noninstitutionalized older adults, a group at high risk for all-cause mortality, serum 25(OH)D levels had an independent, inverse association with CVD and all-cause mortality. Randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in older adults are warranted to determine whether this association is causal and reversible.

Study Type : Human Study

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There's a plethora of articles and studies done on Vitamin-D, however in respect to Penis Enlargement I think that having a general well-being is most important. Being healthy, and recovering from damage inflicted on ones tissue and ligaments from stretching and pumping is valuable for growth and repair.

Your Salmon oil is a whole other topic that I can get into a bit later. I may even make a separate thread about "oils", so people can view the significance of lipids in the diet.

Remember, supplementing with Vitamins is basically making up for any nutrition we lack from the foods we ingest. To be honest, most of us do fall short in nutrients attained purely from foods because the world food supply is slowly dwindling due to poor soil conditions, pesticides, larvacides, and massed industrial production. We call it nutricide!

Whatever you put in your body, is what you'll get out of it! To be continued...

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